Conditional Statements in Python

Conditional statements in Python are used to execute certain blocks of code based on specific conditions. These statements help control the flow of a program, making it behave differently in different situations.

If Statement

The if statement is the simplest form of a conditional statement. It executes a block of code if the given condition is true.

age = 20
if age >= 18:
    print("Eligible to vote.")

Short Hand If

The short-hand if statement allows us to write a single-line if statement.

age = 19
if age > 18: print("Eligible to Vote.")

If-Else Conditional Statements

The if-else statement allows us to specify a block of code that will execute if the condition evaluates to false.

age = 10
if age <= 12:
    print("Travel for free.")
else:
    print("Pay for ticket.")

Short Hand If-Else

The short-hand if-else statement allows you to write a single-line if-else statement.

marks = 45
res = "Pass" if marks >= 40 else "Fail"
print(f"Result: {res}")

Elif Statement

The elif statement stands for "else if" and allows us to check multiple conditions.

age = 25
if age <= 12:
    print("Child.")
elif age <= 19:
    print("Teenager.")
elif age <= 35:
    print("Young adult.")
else:
    print("Adult.")

Nested If..Else Conditional Statements

Nested if..else means an if-else statement inside another if statement.

age = 70
is_member = True
if age >= 60:
    if is_member:
        print("30% senior discount!")
    else:
        print("20% senior discount.")
else:
    print("Not eligible for a senior discount.")

Ternary Conditional Statement

A ternary conditional statement is a compact way to write an if-else condition in a single line.

age = 20
s = "Adult" if age >= 18 else "Minor"
print(s)

Match-Case Statement

The match-case statement is Python's version of a switch-case found in other languages.

number = 2
match number:
    case 1:
        print("One")
    case 2 | 3:
        print("Two or Three")
    case _:
        print("Other number")

Conclusion

Conditional statements in Python are fundamental for controlling the flow of execution in your programs. By utilizing if, elif, and else, you can create dynamic and responsive applications that behave differently based on user input or other conditions.

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